Phytochemical Status of Different Solvent Extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev Leaves

Oluwaseyi Popoola

doi:10.21467/ias.8.1.62-69

Authors

Oluwaseyi Popoola Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.8.1.62-69

Abstract

The choice of suitable solvent is essential in the extraction of much needed bioactive phytochemicals present in medicinal plants. This study assessed the phytochemical status of four solvents (methanol, hexane, ethylacetate and aqueous) extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, leaves of the plants were extracted with the solvents by cold maceration for three days; screening and quantitative determination of saponin, alkaloid, tannin, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids phenols and terpenoids was done using standard methods. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of all the phytocompound in the methanol extract, while other extracts shows variation in the availability of different phytochemicals, quantitative results shows alkaloid ranged from 1.79-18.90 mg/100g, flavonoids: 2.54-10.53 mg/100g, saponin: 2.00-12.23 mg/100g, tannin: ND-4.83 mg/100g, phenol: ND-6.65 mg/100g, cardiac glycoside: ND-2.08 mg/100g, and terpenoids: ND-1.98 mg/100g; significant difference (p<0.05) exist in each phytochemicals across the solvents where methanol and the aqueous extracts gave the best extraction efficiency for the phytochemicals. Consequently, the optimum extraction of useful phytochemicals from A. djalonensis could be achieved using either methanol and water.

Keywords:

Anthocleista djalonensis, Phytochemicals, Methanol, Hexane, Ethylacetate, Aqueous

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

O. P. C. Ugwu, O. F. C. Nwodo, P. E. Joshua, A. Bawa, E. C. Ossai, and C. E. Odo, “Phytochemical and Acute Toxicity Studies of Moringa oleifera Ethanol Leaf Extract’’. International Journal of Life Science, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Research, vol 2, no 2, pp 66-71, 2013.

C. Adonu Cyril, P. C. O. Ugwu, C. O Esimone, E. C. Ossai, A. Bawa, A. C. Nwaka, and C. U. Okorie, “Phytochemical Analyses of the Methanol, Hot water and n-Hexane Extracts of the Aerial Parts of Cassytha filiformis (Linn) and Leaves of Cleistopholis patens (Benth)”. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, vol 4, no 2, pp 1143-1149, 2013.

M. Linga Rao, and N. Savithramma, “Phytochemical Studies of Svensonia hyderobadensis (Walp.) Mold: A Rare Medicinal Plant”. Der Pharmacia Lettre, vol 3, no 4, pp 51-55, 2011.

R. N. S. Yadav, and M. Agarwala, “Phytochemical Analysis of Some Medicinal Plants”. Journal of Phytology, vol 3, no 12, pp 10-14, 2011.

F. M. Porsche, D. Molitor, M. Beyer, S. Charton, C. Andre and A. Kollar. “Antifungal Activity of Saponins from the Fruit Pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, vol 102, no 5, pp 991-1000, 2018.

G. Dong, H. Liu, X. Yu, X. Zhang, H. Lu, T. Zhou, J. Cao. “Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Tannic Acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Natural Product Research, vol 32, no 18, pp 2225-2228, 2018.

K. R. V. Kurapati, V. S. Atluri, T. Samikkannu, G. Garcia and M. P. N. Nair. “Natural Products as Anti-HIV Agents and Role in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND): A Brief Overview. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol 6, pp 1444, 2016.

P. O. Souza, S. E. Bianchi, F. Figueiro, L. Heimfarth, K. S. Moresco, R. M. Goncalves, J. B. Hoppe, C. P. Klein, C. G. Salbego, D. P. Ge;aom. V. L. Bassamo, F. A. Zanotto, J. C. F. Moreira. “Anticancer Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Achyrocline Satureioides in Gliomas Cell Lines. Toxicology In Vitro, vol 51, pp 23-33, 2018.

J. J. F. E. de Wilde, Novitates Gabonenses 73. “A new species of Anthocleista (Gentianaceae) from Gabon”. Blumea, vol 56, pp 1–3, 2011.

C. J. Okenwa, O. R. Chikelu, and C. E. Nwogbo. “Phytochemical, Proximate and Total Antioxidant Analysis of Ogbu (Ficus exasperata) and Uvuru (Anthocleista djalonensis) Healthygreen Leaves”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 48-53, 2015.

A. S. Okoli, C. U. Iroegbu, “Evaluation of extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Nauclea latifolia and Uvaria afzalii for activity against bacterial isolates from cases of non-gonococcal urethritis”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol 92, no 1, pp 135-144, 2004.

A. A. Aiyeloja, O. A Bellow, “Ethnobotanical potentials of common herbs in Nigeria: A Case study of Enugu State”. Educational Research and Review, vol 1, no 1, pp 16-22, 2006.

G. Ateufack, T. B. Nguelefack, H. K. Wabo, P. Tane, A. Kamanyi, “Antiulcerogenic activity of 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone isolated from the methanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii PLANCH. in rats”. Ulcers, 2014.

N. N. Azwanida, “A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation”. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. vol 4, no 3, pp 196, 2015.

J. B. Harborne, “Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis”. 2nd Edition. Chapman and Hall, London. p. 113, 1984.

B. O. Mbaebie, H. O. Edeoga, and A. J. Afolayan, “Phytochemical analysis and antioxidants activities of aqueous of stem bark extract of Schotia latifolia Jacq”. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, vol 2, no 2, pp 118-124, 2012.

L. N. Madike, S. Takaidza, and M. Pillay. “Preliminary phytochemical screening of crude extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots of Tulbaghia violacea”. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, vol 9, no 10, pp 1300-1308, 2017.

M. J. Ajuru, F. W. Nmom, D. O. Ofa, “Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of some species of Lamiaceae in Rivers State, Nigeria” Research Journal of Food and Nutrition, vol 2, no 1, pp 28-37, 2018.

U. Yaqoob, I. A. Nawchoo, M. Ahmad, “Phytochemical Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of the Leaves, Fruits and Shoots of Ferula Jaeschkeana Vatke”. Herbal Medicine, vol 2, no 3, 2016. doi: 10.21767/2472-0151.100019.

N. Sheikh, Y. Kumar, A. K Misra. and L. Pfoze, “Phytochemical screening to validate the ethnobotanical importance of root tubers of Dioscorea species of Meghalaya, North East India”. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, vol 1, no 6, pp 62–69, 2013.

G. N. Anyasor, K. O. Ogunwenmo, O. A. Oyelana, and B. E. Akpofunure, “Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol stem extracts of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae)”. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol 9, no 31, pp 4880-4884, 2010.

P. Garg, and R. Garg, “Qualitative and quantitative analysis of leaves and stem of Tinospora cordifolia in different solvent extract”. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, vol 8, no 5, pp 259-264, 2018.

D. Ibrahim, I. Muhammad, S. Ashiru, I. Sani, K. Shehu, A. A. Aliero, R. U. Aliyu, “Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Mimoso pudica plant extracts (Touch Me Not)”. American Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 2, no 2, pp 8-16, 2014.

K. Chigayo, P. E. L. Mojapelo, S. Mnyakeni-Moleele, J. M. Misihairabgwi, Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Kirkia wilmsii tubers. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, vol 6, no 12, pp 1037–1043, 2016.

O. A. Sodipo, J. A. Akiniyi, and U. S. Ogunbano, “Studies on certain characteristics of extracts of bark of Pausinystalia johimbe and Pausinystalia macroceras (K.Schum.) Pierre ex Beille”. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol 6, no 1, pp 83–87, 2000.

E. O. Farombi, and A. Fakoya, “Free radical scavenging and antigenotoxic activities of natural phenolic compounds in dried flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa”. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, vol 49, pp 1120-1128, 2005.

H. Wang, T. Liu, Y. Chen, D. Shiuan, “Protective effect of freeze-dried extract of vegetables and fruits on the hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage of DNA and decrease of erythrocytes deformability”. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol 141, no 2-3, pp 241-249, 2007.

K. N. Agbafor, N. Nwachukwu, “Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant property of extracts of Vitex doniana and Mucuna pruriens”. Biochemistry Research International, 2011. Article ID 459839.

T. P. Cushnie, B. Cushnie, A. J. Lamb, “Alkaloids: An overview of their bacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities”. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agent, vol 44, no 5, pp 377-386, 2014.

K. Bonjean, M. C. De Pauw-Gillet, M. P. Defresne, P. Colson, C. Houssier, L. Dassonneville, C. Bailly, R. Greimers, C. Wright, J. Quetin-Leclercg, M. Tits, and L. Angenot. “The DNA intercalating alkaloid cryptolepine interferes with topoisomerase II and inhibits primarily DNA synthesis in B16 melanoma cells”. Journal of Ethnopharmocology, vol 37, no 15, pp 5136-5146, 1998.

D. Krishnaiah, T. Devi, A. Bono, and R. Sarbatly. “Studies on phytochemical constituent of six Malaysian medicinal plants”. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, vol 3, pp 67-72, 2009.

Y. L. Lee, G. W. Huang, Z. C. Liang, and G. L. Mau. “Antioxidant properties of three extracts from Pleurotus citrinopileatus”. LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol 40, no 5, pp 823-833, 2007.

N. Ozsoy, A. Can, R. Yanardag, N. Akev. “Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts”. Food chemistry., vol 110, no 3, pp 571-583. 2008

H. P. S. Makkar, T. Norvsambuu, S. Lkhagvatseren, and K. Becker. “Plant secondary metabolites in some medicinal plants of Mongolia used for enhancing animal health and production”. Tropicultura, vol 27, no 3, pp 159-167, 2009.

G. Fu, H. Pang, and Y. H. Wong. “Naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycosides: potential leads for new therapeutics”. Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol 15, no 25, pp 2592-2613, 2008.

H. V. Nobre-Junior, F. D. Maia, R. A. de Oliveira, M. A. M. Bandeira, C. Pessoa, M. O. Moraes, G. M. A. Cunha, G. S. B. Viana. “Neuroprotective actions of tannins from Myracrodruon urundeuva on 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death”. Journal of Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants, vol 13, no 2, pp 41-57, 2007.

R. S. Rosenberg Zand, D. J. Jenkins, E. P. Diamandis. “Flavonoids and steroid hormone-dependent cancers”. Journal of Chromatography. B Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, vol 777, no 1-2, pp 219– 232, 2002.

S. A. Aherne, N. M. O’Brien. “Dietary flavonols: chemistry, food content and metabolism”. Nutrition vol 18, no 1, pp 75–81, 2002.

G. G. Duthie, S. J. Duthie, J. A. Kyle. “Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants”. Nutritional Research Reviews, vol 13, no 1, pp 79–106, 2000.

P. Knekt, R. Jarvinen, A. Reunanen, J. Maatela. “Flavonoids intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study”. British Medical Journal, vol 312, no 7029, pp 478–481, 1996.