International Annals of Science

Impact of Genotype × Environment Interaction on Seed Yield and Pod Shattering of Soybean Genotypes in Nigeria

2022-06-13T14:09:59+00:00

Yield instability and pod shattering are the major problems associated with soybean production in Nigeria. To study Genotype × Environment interaction effects on seed yield and pod shattering behaviour of some soybean genotypes in Nigeria, an experiment was conducted in three (3) environments within the country. In each environment, the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. During the harvest, pod shattering evaluation was conducted using the sun-dry method. Data were collected on seed yield and pod shattering percentage and analyzed using Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype plus Genotype × Environment Interaction (GGE) bi-plot analyses. Genotypes NCRI SOYAC18, NCRI SOYAC78, NCRI SOYAC9, NCRI SOYAC20, NCRI SOYAC61, NCRI SOYAC22, NCRI SOYAC28 and NCRI SOYAC76, with yields above 1.23 ton/ha recorded high and stable yield across environments. For pod shattering resistance, nine genotypes (NCRI SOYAC3, NCRI SOYAC69, NCRI SOYAC77, NCRI SOYAC29, NCRI SOYAC9, NCRI SOYAC7, NCRI SOYAC67, NCRI SOYAC76 and NCRI SOYAC22) had stable pod shattering resistance across environments. Therefore, only three genotypes (NCRI SOYAC9, NCRI SOYAC22, and NCRI SOYAC76) were stable in both high yield and resistance to pod shattering. Consequently, any soybean breeding programme that involves high yield and pod shattering resistance could consider these three genotypes.

Scattering of Free Electrons with Hydrogen Atoms in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2022-08-02T11:56:48+00:00

The objective of this work is to study the Klein-Nishina (KN) cross section during the collision of free electrons and atoms (H-atom and Pt-atom) near the cathode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs). The developed KN cross section was computed using MATLAB shows KN cross section decrease with an increase with the temperature. The maximum KN cross section recorded for single scattering is about -70.2m² and -66m² in natural log terms during the collision of free electrons with H-atom and Pt-atom, respectively. The maximum KN cross section recorded for 1ml flow of hydrogen is about -26.6m² and -22.25m²in natural log term during the collision of free electrons with H-atom and Pt-atom, respectively.

Analysis of miRNAs: Biomarkers for HER2-Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy

2024-04-30T11:05:02+00:00

Breast cancer remains a leading lethal cancer in women globally, with the HER2+ positive subtype associated with a higher chance of therapeutic resistance. Treatments tailored specifically to this subtype, such as targeted therapies, have significantly developed over the past decade. However, the issue of drug resistance to targeted drugs underlines the necessity of better treatment approaches. Recent studies have focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded non-coding RNAs, as critical regulators in drug resistance mechanisms. These miRNAs, capable of influencing various cellular processes, have emerged as critical modulators in numerous diseases, including different cancer types, particularly breast cancer. This article reviews current methodologies in the study of miRNAs within the context of HER2-positive breast cancer, from the selection of study models and sample extraction to comprehensive analysis methods. Our objective is to highlight the potential that miRNAs hold as biomarkers capable of regulating drug resistance in this specific cancer subtype. Moreover, we also discuss the importance of integrating advanced study models alongside the latest bioinformatics tools to enrich this research domain. Furthermore, this article evaluates the use of clinical samples and cell line models for studying miRNAs in this field, outlining the advantages and limitations of each method and proposing a refined approach to research design. The main contribution of this work is the establishment of a detailed taxonomy of research strategies that address current challenges while also outlining promising future directions, particularly focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. In addition, by underscoring the necessity of employing a diverse array of study models and capitalizing on bioinformatics advancements, this article seeks to uncover the complex interactions between miRNAs and drug resistance mechanisms in breast cancer. Ultimately, our goal is to pave the way toward overcoming therapeutic resistance, thereby improving the prognosis for patients afflicted with HER2-positive breast cancer.

Popcorn Polymers in Butadiene Extraction Units

2023-01-11T05:25:31+00:00

Several aspects disturb operation of industrial facilities which can cause severe impact on their efficiency and productivity. In some cases, the impact can expose industrial facilities to serious safety concerns. Therefore, Industrial facilities should always plan to invest in reliability and sustainability of their daily operation. Polymerization is one of the unavoidable risks that can be unpredictable and cause several issues to operating facilities. On the other hand, effective proactive plans can be addressed to minimize and eliminate polymerization risks. This article provides introductory information about polymerization of butadiene “Popcorn polymers”, formation mechanism, associated hazard, control and mitigation methodologies.