Third Generation Warfare in Post-9/11 Cinema: A Socio-Political and Cultural Analysis

Aila Sajid Bhangoo; Xuanlin Jin; Asma Hamid Awan

doi:10.21467/ajss.14.1.52-67

Authors

Aila Sajid Bhangoo Kinnaird College for Women University, Pakistan
Xuanlin Jin Plamica Labs, Batten Hall, Western Ave., USA https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6239-9291
Asma Hamid Awan Kinnaird College for Women University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21467/ajss.14.1.52-67

Abstract

Although a considerable body of literature examines military strategies and their portrayal in films, the way in which post-9/11 films mediate the principles of third-generation warfare remains under-examined in the literature. By analyzing the major themes and narrative structures of selected films, this study investigates this unexplored dimension and offers insight into their socio-political and cultural implications. It analyzes how third-generation warfare is represented in post-9/11 war films through a qualitative approach, conceptualizing these films as cultural markers that influence public understanding of modern warfare. The study focuses on three popular films, Black Hawk Down, The Hurt Locker, and 13 Hours, selected for their visibility, narrative focus on U.S. military operations, and engagement with third-generation warfare tactics. These are examined using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase method. Five major themes are identified: heroism, moral ambiguity, media influence, political impact, and cultural representation. The analysis draws on ideology critique, cultural discourse theory, and media framing theory to explore how cinematic narratives construct dominant meanings around war and identity. This study contributes to media studies, sociology, and political science by connecting cinematic narratives to broader socio-political discourse.

Keywords:

post-9/11, third-generation warfare, films

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References

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