Solubility of Mn in ZnO Crystallites Synthesized Using Solid State Techniques

Esau Nii Abekah Akwetey Armah; Martin  Egblewogbe; Hubert Azoda  Koffi; Alfred Ato  Yankson; Francis Kofi  Ampong; Francis  Boakye; Josef Kwaku Ametefee  Amuzu; Robert Kwame  Nkum

doi:10.21467/anr.3.1.28-39

Authors

Esau Nii Abekah Akwetey Armah Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-5859
Martin Egblewogbe University of Ghana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-4300
Hubert Azoda Koffi University of Ghana
Alfred Ato Yankson University of Ghana
Francis Kofi Ampong Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-8183
Francis Boakye Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Josef Kwaku Ametefee Amuzu Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon
Robert Kwame Nkum Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21467/anr.3.1.28-39

Abstract

Powder samples of Zn_1-xMn_xO nanocrystal were synthesized at a temperature of 200 °C using solid phase method. Dopant concentrations of 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were studied. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the samples were analyzed with a view of determining the onset of secondary phases, hence the solubility limit of the dopant. The solubility limit for Mn in ZnO samples synthesized at 200 °C is realized at x < 0.3. With a regular pattern in increment of the Mn concentration, there were variations observed in the trend of the relative intensity, 2θ position and d-spacing indicating uneven addition of Mn (thus Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺ or Mn⁴⁺).

Keywords:

Doping Concentration, Solid Phase, Solubility Limit

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