Physicochemical and Performance Assessment of Clay Based Refractory Bricks for Incinerator Application

Ezekiel Iliya; Amoko Oluwole

doi:10.21467/jmm.10.1.19-28

Authors

Ezekiel Iliya Department of Ceramics Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-5523
Amoko Oluwole Department of Ceramics Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21467/jmm.10.1.19-28

Abstract

Refractories bricks’ excellent thermomechanical and chemical resistant features makes it invaluable materials in modular incinerator ˃ 1000 °C applications. In this research, suitable physicochemical and performance evaluation were employed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), dimensional property assessment, linear shrinkage and water absorption analysis. The samples were sourced from Auchi (ARB1), Afowa (ARB2), Ayogwiri (ARB3), Aviele (ARB4) and Agbede (ARB5) clay minerals deposit in Edo North, Edo State, Nigeria. Then green compact samples were fired into dense phase. The result from the XRF study revealed a generally established composition of ARB1 clay mineral of SiO₂: 44.34%, Al₂O₃: 36.36% and others. ARB2 clay mineral of SiO₂: 41.78%, Al₂O₃: 39.62% and others. ARB3 clay mineral of SiO₂: 45.04%, Al₂O₃: 34.01% and others. ARB4 clay mineral of SiO₂: 40.12%, Al₂O₃: 38.96% and others. ARB5 clay mineral of SiO₂: 47.03%, Al₂O₃: 34.52% and others. The elemental composition of ARB1-5 revealed a similar trend of alumina and silica content to high-Al₂O₃ bricks (SiO₂: 45.0 – 56.0%, Al₂O₃: 39.0 – 48.0% and others) and commercial clay bricks (SiO₂: 48.0%, Al₂O₃: 36.96% and others) respectively. An average lower percentage error ERL, ERW, and ERH of ARB1 samples 0.148, 0.248 and 0.28% were recorded respectively. The average linear shrinkage and water absorption analysis of 9.91 and 4.71% demonstrated a potential for high elasticity of modulus. The overall data from this research shows that ARB1-5 bricks can find use in incinerator and high temperature applications.

Keywords:

Physicochemical, refractories, incinerator

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Yao et al., “Microstructure and physical properties of a mullite brick in blast furnace hearth: influence of temperature,” Ironmaking & Steelmaking, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 55–61, 2020, doi: 10.1080/03019233.2020.1731254.

A. O. Surendranathan, “An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories,” An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1201/B17811.

A. Samad, S. Baidya, U. S. Akhtar, K. S. Ahmed, S. C. Roy, and S. Islam, “MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORY BRICK FROM LOCALLY AVAILABLE RED CLAY BLENDED WITH WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT AND ITS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,” GEOMATE Journal, vol. 20, no. 80, pp. 105–112, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.21660/2021.80.j2033.

S. Tamura, “Trends in Refractories R & D Overseas,” no. 125, pp. 10–19, Dec. 2020.

D. Zemánek et al., “Development and Properties of New Mullite Based Refractory Grog,” Materials 2021, Vol. 14, Page 779, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 779, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/MA14040779.

P. Boch and J. C. Niepce, Ceramic Materials: Processes, Properties and Applications. Wiley-ISTE, 2007. doi: 10.1002/9780470612415.ch13.

D. Liu, K. Gui, J. Long, Y. Zhao, W. Han, and G. Wang, “Low-temperature densification and mechanical properties of monolithic mullite ceramic,” Ceram Int, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 12329–12334, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2020.01.282.

S. Montayev, B. Shakeshev, S. Zharylgapov, Z. khan university, and Z. khan str Uralsk, “Development of a technology for producing ceramic refractory material in a composition of montmorillonite clays (bentonite-like) and ferrochrome production wastes,” MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 315, p. 07007, 2020, doi: 10.1051/MATECCONF/202031507007.

M. J. Omoregie and T. I. Odibi, “Design and fabrication of a domestic incinerator,” Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 981–984, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.4314/jasem.v21i5.27.

V. K. Garg, A. L. Srivastav, M. Kumar Tiwari, A. Sharma, and V. Singh Kanwar, “Synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence for trace elemental analysis of industrial sludge,” Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 2021, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 192–195, doi: 10.47277/JETT/9(1)195.

B. of Indian Standards, “IS 5454 (1978): Methods of sampling of clay building bricks”.

B. of Indian Standards, “IS 1077 (1992): Common Burnt Clay Building Bricks -Specification”.

A. Dare Victor, O. G. Modupe, O. S. Alaba, F. D. Uzuh, O. A. Oladiran, and A. Usman Ba Ako Shehu, “Influence of Kaolin and Silica on some Refractory Properties of Pingell, Zircon Sand Research Article,” Journal of Applied Material Science & Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 129, 2020.

N. M. Khalil and Y. Algamal, “Recycling of Ceramic Wastes for the Production of High Performance Mullite Refractories,” Silicon 2019 12:7, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1557–1565, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1007/S12633-019-00248-9.

L. Sampson, D. Ventura, and D. Kalombo, “Linear shrinkage test: justification for its reintroduction as a standard South African test method,” 2009, Accessed: Dec. 14, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/3418

C. Alfes, “Modulus of Elasticity and Drying Shrinkage of High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume,” Special Publication, vol. 132, pp. 1651–1671, May 1992, doi: 10.14359/17148.

P. Shafigh, H. Ghafari, H. bin Mahmud, and M. Z. Jumaat, “A comparison study of the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of oil palm shell and expanded clay lightweight aggregate concretes,” Mater Des, vol. 60, pp. 320–327, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1016/J.MATDES.2014.04.001.

O. Oyelola, A. 1, M. Adegun, and T. Olatunji, “Chemical characterization of Ijapo clay and its additives towards production of refractory bricks Indian Journal of Engineering,” Indian Journal of Engineering, vol. 17, no. 48, pp. 342–350, 2020.

F. M. Khalaf and A. S. DeVenny, “New Tests for Porosity and Water Absorption of Fired Clay Bricks,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 334–337, Aug. 2002, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:4(334).

I. Ibude, “ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOME CERAMIC LOCAL RAW MATERIALS IN ETSAKO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE,” Global Academic Group, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 94–102, Aug. 2012.

A. v. Bleininger and G. H. Brown, The Testing of Clay Refractories, with Special Reference to Their Load Carrying Capacity at Furnace Temperatures. 1911. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=x2T1kh-dOtsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA4&dq=The+Testing+of+Clay+Refractories,+with+Special+Reference+to+their+Load+Carrying+Capacity+at+Furnace+Temperatures&ots=vSUgPt0kzi&sig=FZf74BRRZSUUgcVXZPvCrsVBdMc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

J. A. Amkpa, N. A. Badarulzaman, and A. B. Aramjat, “Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Refractory Fireclay Bricks,” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2588–2593, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.21817/IJET/2016/V8I6/160806214.